This project aims to update earlier methodology to account for multiple off-paddock structures that collect animal excreta and the multiple manure management systems, by i) reviewing data on the use of these structures and systems, and ii) developing an accounting tool to estimate the fate of dairy cow excreta.

The primary purpose of this project is the development of the framework suitable for future use by the Ministry and its partners. The project builds on previous work that quantified the use of supplementary feed usage in the New Zealand (NZ) sheep industry. The models used in the initial report have been further extended to include beef, dairy grazing and finishing of cattle exiting the dairy system.

A literature review was undertaken to understand the impact of grazing management, in particular, grazing interval, on pasture quality and the interactions with pasture species, season, land slope and other drivers of pasture quality in a New Zealand context.

The aims of this project were to (a) collate and analyse available pasture quality data to determine whether the data are statistically robust enough to provide nationally representative values for the key livestock classes on a monthly basis, (b) statistically derive the number of samples required to represent the seasonal and spatial variations of metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) in each region; and (c) make clear recommendations for the establishment of a national pasture sampling programme.

The objective of this review was to determine whether additional summer field trials are required in order to improve the accuracy of emission estimates in New Zealand’s national nitrous oxide (N2O) inventory

The aim of this study was to develop a framework for estimating N2O emissions from N fertiliser use on pasture on different slope classes that would eventually be incorporated into the Agriculture Inventory Model and help to ensure that New Zealand’s emissions estimates are as accurate as possible.

The objectives of this study was to determine N2O emission factors from application of dairy cow dung, beef cow dung, and sheep dung on 6 different soil types throughout New Zealand. In addition, it would also provide an opportunity to determine the effects of DCD use on N2O emissions from application of cow dung on two poorly-drained soils

This report presents findings from a field study conducted to determine the N2O emission factors from application of animal excreta, following application in late autumn 2008 in three regions of New Zealand. Excrete included dairy cow dung, beef cow dung, sheep dung, and cow urine.

The purpose of this study was to provide a framework for estimating and upscaling N2O emissions from hill country farms, based on current understanding of the key factors affecting the spatial variability in N2O emissions.

This report provides a review of available information for relevant factors and activity data for estimating New Zealand N2O emissions from pasture renewal following IPCC 2006 guidelines.

This report sets out to review the national methane inventory model by reviewing the accuracy and validity of data used, identifying limitations and consequences, and identifying potential future research and development work is needed.

This report documents the methodology and assumptions currently used to estimate animal live weight (and live weight gain) for beef and dairy cattle, deer, and sheep in the Agricultural Inventory Model (AIM), the model used to estimate New Zealand's agricultural GHG emissions.

This project aimed to identify key current, emerging or next generation Greenhouse Gas (GHG) management options for agriculture; assess their feasibility on farm and likelihood of adoption; and to assess the feasibility of incorporation into MPI's Agricultural GHG Inventory model

This report researches the determined influence of elapsed time, between the deposition of urine and the application of the nitrification inhibitor (DCD), on the effectiveness of DCD to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soils.

A research project concluding results on the mitigation potential of nitrification (DCD - Dicyandiamide) and urease (Agrotain) inhibitors to reduce nitrogen (N) losses from cattle urine and urea application to pasture soil.

This report seeks to determine the impact of Urease inhibitors on changes in both the emissions factors FracGASF and for FracGASM for urea fertiliser-N and urine-N deposition in grazed pasture soils.