Code of Welfare: Rodeos

The purpose of this Code is to provide information to the owners and persons in charge of rodeo animals about the standards they must achieve in order to meet their obligations under the Animal Welfare Act 1999.

This Code of Welfare encourages all those responsible for the care of rodeo animals to adopt the highest standards of husbandry, care and handling, and to equal or exceed the minimum standards.

Adequately maintaining the welfare of animals being used in rodeos requires experience, training and the observance of high standards.

Background

The Animal Welfare Act 1999 provides for the welfare of animals in New Zealand. It puts obligations on people who own or are in charge of animals to provide for the welfare of their animals.

The Act establishes the fundamental obligations relating to the care of animals and provides for the development and issue of codes of welfare.

Codes of welfare expand on the basic obligations of the Act by setting minimum standards and recommending best practice for the care and management of animals.

This Code of Welfare also references regulations issued under the Animal Welfare Act 1999. Regulations are prescribed under the Animal Welfare Act and impose enforceable requirements on owners and persons in charge of animals. For ease of reference, regulations relevant to this Code are set out in an appendix to this Code. Penalties for failure to comply with the regulations are specified in the relevant regulations. The appendix to this Code is not intended to provide an exhaustive list of all obligations under the Act or regulatory requirements. Owners and persons in charge of animals are responsible for ensuring that they are aware of and understand all Act and regulatory requirements that are relevant to them including all applicable Codes of Welfare.

Note that the Act sets criteria for whether a procedure carried out on an animal is a significant surgical procedure. Only a veterinarian, or a person who is acting under the direct supervision of a veterinarian and who is a student undergoing his or her training to become a veterinarian, are able to perform a significant surgical procedure, unless a regulation says otherwise.

This Code of Welfare is intended for all persons responsible for the welfare of all animals being used in rodeos (although only cattle and horses may be used) and includes animals used in rodeo training, and animals used in rodeo schools.

Under the Act the "owner" and every "person in charge" of an animal are responsible for meeting the legal obligations for the welfare of animals under their care.

For many animals being used in rodeos, the owner of the animals places them in the care of others who become the persons in charge, but this does not derogate from their responsibility to ensure that the requirements of the Act and animal welfare regulations are met.

Who should read this code of welfare amended on 9 May 2021 by Notice in the Gazette 2021-go1589

Failure to meet a minimum standard in this Code may be used as evidence to support a prosecution for an offence under the Act. A person who is charged with an offence against the Act can defend him or herself by showing that he or she has equalled or exceeded the minimum standards in this Code.

This Code of Welfare includes information and example indicators for each minimum standard. The list of indicators is not exhaustive but is given to provide guidance on ways in which a minimum standard may be met.

Owners and persons in charge of animals are not required to comply with the recommendations for best practice in this Code but are encouraged to do so to provide higher standards of welfare.

This Code does not provide an exhaustive list of the Act’s requirements, and owners and those in charge of animals should note that they must comply with the minimum standards in this Code and the general provisions of the Act, and any regulations issued under the Act.

Animal Welfare Act 1999 – New Zealand Legislation

Legislative background amended on 9 May 2021 by Notice in the Gazette 2021-go1589

Other codes of welfare should be consulted where appropriate. This Code of welfare applies to all animals used in rodeos. However, further detail on the transport of livestock and species-specific requirements for animals are generally covered in relevant codes of welfare.

Codes of animal welfare

Codes of welfare must be accompanied by a report that sets out the deliberations that the National Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (NAWAC) undertook when developing the codes of welfare including the standards and recommendations for best practice, the nature of any significant differences of opinion during drafting and consultation, and any matters that should be dealt with by regulation. Code reports can be accessed online.

Report to accompany to Code of Welfare: Rodeos [PDF, 278 KB]

Although efforts to include relevant regulations within this Code have been made, there may be other regulations which are relevant to you. The full list of all animal welfare regulations should be consulted where appropriate.

Animal Welfare (Care and Procedures) Regulations 2018 – New Zealand Legislation

1.1 Application

This Code of Welfare applies to all persons responsible for the welfare of all animals being used in rodeos (although only cattle and horses may be used) and includes animals used in rodeo training, and animals used in rodeo schools.

1.2 Interpretation and definitions

Refer to Schedule I: Interpretation and definitions.

2.1 Responsibilities

The welfare of animals during a rodeo often involves changing responsibilities because different parts of the rodeo event may be carried out by different people. Under the Animal Welfare Act 1999, both the owner and the person (or persons) in charge of animals have responsibilities for meeting the animals’ needs. While the animals used in rodeos may sometimes be under the responsibility of others, this does not derogate owners or persons in charge from their responsibilities under the Act. In addition, responsibility may be shared between several people, particularly during the handover of tasks or animals.

The rodeo organiser is the person who is responsible for the running of the rodeo. Responsibility for meeting minimum standards relating to the provision, design and maintenance of facilities and equipment, the allocation of operational responsibilities and the competence and supervision of employee performance generally lies with the rodeo organiser. The rodeo organiser also has overall responsibility for the welfare of the animals. Whilst all duties are not necessarily performed directly by the organiser, the organiser needs to ensure that the rodeo staff and stock handlers are adequately performing their responsibilities. Each contestant is personally responsible for the animals he or she uses during an event, and during that period of use is considered to be the person in charge.

An animal welfare officer needs to be appointed to each rodeo and have his or her responsibilities specified in writing. The animal welfare officer has direct responsibility for the welfare of the animals and will work in liaison with the rodeo organiser and the veterinarian. The animal welfare officer’s role is to liaise with clubs, promoters, stock contractors, contestants and the veterinarian to co-ordinate and evaluate all steps taken to ensure the welfare of the animals.

The veterinarian is responsible for providing expert advice on the health, injury or disease status of an animal and its suitability for competition. Veterinarians need to be familiar with working with cattle and horses in order to deal effectively with, and provide expert advice on, the health and injury status of any animal used in the rodeo and any issues that may arise during the event.

At an operational level, those responsible for carrying out particular tasks during the rodeo event are likely to be considered the person(s) in charge for the purposes of the Animal Welfare Act and are responsible for ensuring that applicable minimum standards in this Code are met.

2.2 Stockmanship

Introduction

The importance of competency and stockmanship in the maintenance of animals’ welfare cannot be over- emphasised. All people involved in rodeos need to be competent in the care and handling of the animals and understand how their actions may affect the animals’ welfare. The knowledge, skills, abilities and attitude of the stock handlers are integral to the standard of welfare experienced by animals used in rodeos.

Stockmanship includes the ability to identify an animal’s needs and ensure that action is taken to address those needs in a way that demonstrates an affinity with and empathy for animals. Knowledge of the normal appearance and behaviour of animals being used is essential and those in charge of the rodeo animals need to be able to recognise injuries or early signs of distress so that prompt action is taken or advice sought.

Owners and persons in charge of rodeo animals should ensure that their personnel have either the relevant knowledge and training, or appropriate supervision to ensure that the health and welfare needs of the animals in their care are met. Handling techniques can be included as written procedures in a welfare assurance system that is easily accessible to all personnel.

In order that the welfare of animals used in rodeo events is safeguarded, rodeo organisers, contractors, stock owners and contestants should clearly understand and accept their responsibilities. All people involved with and participating in rodeo events need to be familiar with this Code.

It is important that the judges and the animal welfare officer are empowered to disqualify any official or contestant who compromises the welfare of an animal.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 1: Stockmanship

• Stock health and welfare is in accordance with the minimum standards listed in this Code
• The number of personnel is appropriate for the event (e.g. for the number and type of animals)
• Handlers are familiar with the minimum standards listed in this Code and a copy of the minimum standards is available on site at all times
• Inexperienced handlers are supervised at all times while working with animals
• Job descriptions or other documentation related to the expectations of personnel duties include references to animal health and welfare
• Evidence of training / competence in the care and maintenance of stock and how the actions of staff may affect the animals' welfare can be demonstrated.

Recommended best practice

1. The veterinarian should complete a record of injuries and other signs of ill-health, which should be included as part of the incident report (see section 9: Welfare assurance system).
2. If more than one animal welfare officer is appointed at a rodeo, a roster should be prepared prior to the event.

General information

More than one animal welfare officer can be appointed at each rodeo event, thus allowing animal welfare officers to also compete if they should wish to do so.

Welfare assurance systems need to emphasise the importance of training of personnel.

The New Zealand Rodeo Association holds a number of training days for new contestants and for those wishing to learn more about rodeo events.

Introduction

Animals used in rodeo events, training and rodeo schools need to have their food and water requirements met in accordance with the species-specific codes of welfare. Deprivation of food and water or changes in the volume or quality of food and water will compound the stress associated with rodeo events and can also result in metabolic disturbances and increase susceptibility to disease. Water is also important for regulation of body temperature.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 2: Food and water

• Food and water is offered while the animals are penned.
• Trough space and number of feeders is appropriate to the number and size of animals and competition at feeders is actively monitored and adjusted if required.
• Dung/manure appearance is normal – i.e. no evidence of diarrhoea or constipation.
• Water is provided at a temperature that does not inhibit drinking.
• Water is clean and does not become muddied.
• Animals are not dehydrated.
• Food that animals are offered is of a type they are accustomed to.
• Mature cattle are fed and watered at least every 12 hours.
• Horses and immature cattle are fed and watered at least every 8 hours.

4.1 Selecting animals

Introduction

Selecting and accepting the appropriate animals to compete in a rodeo are key processes to ensure that only animals that are able to cope with participating in rodeo events are selected. The responsibility for this is shared between the rodeo organiser and the stock contractor. Contract stock are to be used where possible and the rodeo organiser(s) needs to select the stock contractor supplying animals for rodeo events well in advance of the date of the rodeo.

The stock contractor or the owners of non-contract stock (when used) are responsible for the appropriate husbandry and handling of their rodeo stock. They need to have knowledge of the minimum standards contained in this code and care for the animals that are to be used in rodeo events in accordance with their species-specific codes of welfare.

Animals suffering from disease, injury, or other abnormalities may experience pain or distress. For this reason, all animals need to be inspected prior to being used in the rodeo and those that are not fit for use are not transported to the rodeo site. Personnel who are inspecting animals need to be competent at recognising normal and abnormal behaviour in the different species of animal used in rodeo events.

Regarding travel to the rodeo site, the Code of Welfare: Transport within New Zealand and the summary of regulations appended to this Code regarding animal transport.

NAWAC considers that sheep riding has the potential to cause harm to the sheep. For this reason, sheep may not be ridden in rodeos.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 3: Selecting animals

• Animals are selected and used in accordance with this minimum standard.
• All animals meet the minimum standards as stated in species-specific codes.
• Animals that are likely to become distressed in the chute, go down in the chute or are likely to injure themselves by attempting to exit the chute prior to the gate being opened are not used.
• Animals that are exhibiting poor body condition, obviously pregnant, lactating, have young at foot or have not yet been weaned are not selected for use.

Recommended best practice

1. Calves should not be used in rodeo events.
2. Only contract stock should be used in rodeo events.

General information

The animal welfare officer needs to take responsibility for the welfare of the animals used in rodeo events to ensure that all minimum standards in this Code are met. The animal welfare officer is also responsible for monitoring how many times each animal is used during the rodeo.

NAWAC has concerns about the welfare implications of using non-contract stock in rodeo events as a result of the increased level of stress that these animals will experience when compared to contract stock. NAWAC encourages the industry to take steps to move forward towards the use of contract stock only in rodeo events.

4.2 Handling

Introduction

Rodeos involve situations where animals are subjected to a risk of injuries and distress, and proper consideration needs to be given to the health and welfare of the animals used in all events. Distress and risk to both the animals and handlers is decreased when good handling practices are followed. Loading animals into and subsequently releasing them from the chute for the rodeo events can cause them stress, and the use of good handling practices during this procedure is essential.

See summary of regulations appended to this Code:

• Regulation 19: Use of equipment that may injure horses and other equids
• Regulation 20: Persons must not strike equid on its head
• Regulation 48: Use of electric prodders
• Regulation 49: Prodding animals in sensitive areas

Introduction amended on 9 May 2021 by Notice in the Gazette 2021-go1589

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 4: Handling

• Animals are not injured while being loaded into the chute or during release into the arena.
• Aggressive or horned cattle are penned separately if there is not enough space for other animals to move away.
• Animals that become excessively stressed in the chute to the point that they may injure themselves are released immediately.
• Loading into chute, race or for transport does not require undue force.
• Prodders are only used to encourage an animal to move when it is able to respond by moving in the desired direction.
• Use of stock-whips and other types of 'contact' goads is kept to a minimum.
• Electric prodders are only used when necessary, and then only for less than one second at a time, on chute stalled stock.
• Electric prodders are not used on animals performing in the arena.
• Electric prods are of minimum amperage, powered only by battery or dynamo and deliver a single charge per application.

Recommended best practice

1. When encouraging animals to move, audible or visual measures (e.g. rattles, plastic bags, stones in a container) should be preferred to devices which rely on physical contact (e.g. waddys, alkathene hoses, stock whips, stock canes, and sticks).
2. Pens should be positioned at a distance away from the arena so that the animals contained within them are not disturbed unduly by animals in the arena.
3. Care should be taken not to induce sudden fear or panic in animals in confined spaces such as in pens, corners and gateways, where flight might increase the risk of injury.
4. Tails should not be lifted, pulled or twisted.
5. Animals that may be aggressive or cause injury to other animals should not be used or penned at rodeo events.
6. Animals should be run through the arena prior to the event to familiarise them with the positioning of the exit gate(s).
7. Sufficient pick-up riders should be present to enable rodeo animals to be guided out of the arena following use as quickly and as calmly as possible.

General information

Consideration needs to be given to the different animals that are held together in pens and yards and the stocking density at which they are held. Crowding of animals is likely to contribute to stress and injury so animals need to be provided with sufficient space that they are able to move away from handlers or other animals.

5.1 Arena

Introduction

The size of the arena and the condition of holding facilities, including fencing, yards, chutes, gateways and ground surfaces, are critical in protecting stock from injury. Careful planning and construction of arenas will make the handling and removal of stock from the arenas easier and will improve stock and contestant safety. Arenas which are too small create a potential danger to stock, contestants and spectators.

In general, the standard arena should have a suitable, soil-based surface, rotary-hoed or softened to a depth of approximately 5-10cm. Other surfaces may be used provided that they are well drained, provide a secure footing and be at least as safe for the animals as an appropriate soil-based surface.

See summary of regulations appended to this Code:

• Regulation 46: Prohibition on fireworks at rodeos

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 5: Arena

• The arena is free of holes, rocks, obstacles and any other hazards that may injure stock.
• No injuries to animals occur as a result of the surface materials used in the arena.
• A soil-based arena softened with a minimum of 5cm surface material is used.
• The perimeter fence is a minimum of 180 cm in height.
• The time event chute has a minimum of 76 cm clearance above the height of the animal in the chute and at the gate, when the gate is open.
• Holding facilities such as yards, chutes etc are free of hazards that might cause injury.

Recommended best practice

1. Where it is thought that stock will pressure certain points of an arena more than others, care should be taken to ensure that the fencing is suitable.

5.2 Gear

Introduction

Rodeo events are high-paced activities and the use of well-fitting gear is important to protect the animals. It is important that the gear is correctly fitted to reduce rubbing or slipping and minimise discomfort. For reasons of comfort, hygiene and safety it is necessary that all leather and synthetic equipment is maintained in clean, supple condition, free from cracks, build-up of dirt, sharp edges or other features likely to cause chafing, burns or abrasions.

See summary of regulations appended to this Code:

• Regulation 19: Use of equipment that may injure horses and other equids

Introduction amended on 9 May 2021 by Notice in the Gazette 2021-go1589

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 6: Gear

• No sharp and cutting objects are placed or caught in or around the cinch, saddle, flank strap, bareback rigging, head-rein (plaited rein attached to the headstall) or headstall (halter).
• Every effort is made to ensure that equipment is fitted correctly for the individual animal on which it is being used.
• Flank straps/ropes are placed on the animal in such a way that the lined portion evenly overlies both flanks and the abdomen.
• Flank straps are covered with material such as sheepskin or neoprene.
• No sand, grit or other abrasives have accumulated in the lining of the flank strap.
• Pads used under bareback rigging are of adequate thickness to prevent rubbing or chafing and extend at least 5cm behind the rigging to protect the horse's back.
• The pads are approved by the judges and the animal welfare officer prior to being used in competition.
• When a saddle is used, there is sufficient clearance under the gullet of the saddle to prevent rubbing or injury to the wither.
• The rowel of the spur must be dulled and not less than 3 mm in width at its narrowest part and there must be a minimum diameter of 2 cm to the point of the rowel.
• No locked rowels are used.
• The minimum width of the front girth in the saddle and bareback bronc riding classes is 200mm.

Recommended best practice

1. Equipment should be checked carefully for abrasive edges or wear prior to each rodeo event.
2. Equipment should be regularly cleaned to remove traces of potential abrasives such as grit, sand, sweat or dirt.
3. Bits should contain no rough or sharp surfaces which may cause damage to the mouth.
4. Ropes used in rodeo events should be pliable and not be made of a material likely to cause burns or injuries to the hides of animals.

General information

The type of gear and the way in which it is used can have a large effect on the health and welfare of the animals. The incorrect or severe use of any piece of equipment, including gear, bits, ropes and goads can have a potentially significantly harmful effect on animals. All personnel involved in rodeo need to be aware of this and have knowledge of how to use all gear correctly.

There are a number of different events in rodeo, all of which can place different types of stress on the animals involved. Events and procedures in rodeos need to be specifically designed to prevent suffering and minimise the impacts of the welfare of the animals used.

NAWAC continues to hold welfare concerns for the use of animals in rodeos and in particular, events using calves. The committee is aware that rodeo events using calves have been banned in a number of countries due to the perceived physical and psychological stresses that they place on the animals. The general principles of the use of animals in rodeo events and the associated welfare issues will be reviewed by NAWAC in future and may result in changes and further restrictions to ensure that such activities remain ethically acceptable to New Zealanders.

6.1 Saddle and bareback bronc riding

Introduction

This event involves releasing a horse from a chute into the arena, where it will buck in an attempt to dislodge the rider from its back. There are two types of event: saddle bronc riding where the horse is fitted with a saddle; and bareback bronc riding where the horse is fitted with bareback rigging only. In both events the horse will be fitted with a flank strap which runs around the body of the horse just in front of the back legs, which will encourage the horse to buck.

See summary of regulations appended to this Code:

• Regulation 19: Use of equipment that may injure horses and other equids

Introduction amended on 9 May 2021 by Notice in the Gazette 2021-go1589

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 7: Saddle and bareback bronc riding

• Horses are able to move freely whilst in the arena
• Horses are directed from the arena calmly and efficiently following the completion of the ride
• Horses are fit and sustain no injuries as a result of being ridden in the arena

General information

The pick-up riders operating in the arena remove the rider from the horse, remove the flank strap and direct the animals to the exit chute from the arena following the completion of the ride. A sufficient number of riders performing this role will enable the animals to be directed as calmly and efficiently from the arena as possible.

6.2 Bull and steer riding

Introduction

This event involves a bull or steer being released into the arena where it will buck to dislodge the rider from its back. The animal is fitted with a front ‘bull rope’ which wraps around its body and which the rider holds onto to maintain his seating. This bull rope needs to be a quick release type of rope that will fall away from the animal as soon as the rider is displaced or dismounts. The animal is also fitted with a flank strap to encourage bucking.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 8: Bull and steer riding

• The bull rope quickly falls away once the rider is thrown or dismounts
• Bulls and steers are able to move freely whilst in the arena
• Skin is not wrinkled as a result of the flank strap being too tight
• Bulls and steers are directed calmly and efficiently from the arena following the completion of the ride

Recommended best practice

1. The equipment used should be a loose rope with or without a handhold.
2. There should be no knots or hitches preventing the rope from falling from the animal after the contestant has been thrown or dismounted.
3. A contestant should not reset and re-pull the rope more than twice if the animal is standing quietly in the chute.

6.3 Rope and tie

Introduction

Rope and tie, team roping and steer wrestling are time events that are performed at a fast pace over a set time period.

In the rope and tie event, a calf is released from the chute which then triggers the release of the horse and rider, who will rope the calf in the arena, dismount, put the roped calf on the ground and tie three of the calves’ legs using a pigging string, while a well-trained horse will effectively maintain the tension on the rope. The calf needs to remain tied for six seconds for the tie to be considered successful. Calves used in these events can be subjected to physical stressors and need to be fit, healthy and without defects.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 9: Rope and tie

• The rope and the reins are adjusted in a manner that will prevent the horse from dragging the calf
• Any contestant who drags, busts or causes a calf an unnecessary amount of pain or distress is disqualified
• Calves show no signs of rope burns
• The calf exits the arena alert and uninjured

Recommended best practice

1. Calves that have not been used in an event on any day should be given priority for use over those that have already been used earlier in the day.
2. The tails of calves should not be twisted, pulled or manipulated in any other way to encourage them to move.
3. Calves being used in training or by novice contestants should be closely monitored for any signs of pain and/or distress during and following their use.
4. Calves should not be used in rodeo events.

General information

Following completion and signalling of the tie, the contestant will walk quickly to his horse to loosen the contact of the catch rope on the calf. Two other handlers will simultaneously untie the calf, ensuring that the catch rope is not attached at either end when the calf is released to regain its feet.

6.4 Team roping

Team roping involves two ropers, the header and the heeler, both on horseback. The header will rope the steer around both horns, the head and one horn, or the neck, and the heeler then ropes the steer around the hind legs. The time recorded is that after the steer is stopped and there is no slack in both the header and heeler’s ropes. The rope is slackened immediately upon completion of the event when the clock is stopped. This again is a fast-paced event and the steer needs to be in good physical condition with no defects.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 10: Team roping

• Horns of cattle suffer no damage resulting from the rope

6.5 Steer wrestling

Introduction

In the steer wrestling event, a mounted rider chases a steer, drops from the horse to the steer and wrestles the steer to the ground. The time is flagged when the steer has all four hooves off the ground and legs pointing out straight. The steer needs to be healthy and in good physical condition to withstand the physical stress during this event.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 11: Steer wrestling

• Steer is thrown using the recognised technique
• The steer leaves the arena alert and uninjured

Recommended best practice

1. Animals that have not been caught and thrown in previous rounds should be given preference in subsequent rounds rather than reusing animals that have been successfully thrown.

6.6 Calf riding

Introduction

The calf riding event is designed to enable younger and lighter competitors to participate in rodeo. The weight restrictions are designed to ensure that the animals involved in these events are not placed under undue stress, but animals also need to be fit, healthy and have no defects.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 12: Calf riding

• Calves and riders meet weight requirements
• Calf does not buckle under the weight of the rider at any point
• Calf is immediately removed from the arena following the completion of the ride using the least amount of force possible
• Calf exits the arena alert and uninjured

Recommended best practice

1.  Calves should not be ridden.

General information

Child contestants need to be supervised at all times when competing or when around the calves to ensure the welfare of the animals is not compromised.

It is important that the majority of the child’s weight is kept behind the shoulder of the calf being ridden as placing too much weight in front of the animal’s shoulder can cause its front legs to collapse. Riding a calf with the rider facing backwards is likely to place more weight on the front on the calf and cause it unnecessary stress and so it is important that calves are not ridden in this way.

6.7 Barrel racing

Introduction

Barrel racing is an event where the riders guide their horses around three barrels in a cloverleaf pattern in the least amount of time as possible. Horses are required to move at speed and turn quickly during this event and it is important that they are fit, healthy and appropriately trained to perform this event.

See summary of regulations appended to this Code:

• Regulation 20: Persons must not strike equid on its head

Introduction amended on 9 May 2021 by Notice in the Gazette 2021-go1589

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 13: Barrel racing

• Horses show no signs of injury following the race
• Horses do not fall during the race
• Bits do not cause injury to the horse’s mouth or are used with such force that they snap in the horse’s mouth
• Whips are not used in a manner to cause distress or injury
• Spurs do not leave marks on the hide of the horses

Recommended best practice

1. Sufficient space should be provided past the finishing line of this event to allow horses to stop without risk of injury.

General information

Horses need to be trained to turn quickly to perform in this event. Appropriate training will minimise the need for severe tack and harsh handling during the race as the horse will turn using less pressure on the bit and less pressure by the rider on the horse’s sides. This needs to be taken into account when preparing for this event. Provision of sufficient space past the finishing line of this event can prevent injury as a result of the horse being pulled up too suddenly or running into fencing or other horses waiting on the other side of the finishing line.

Introduction

Rodeos involve situations where animals may be subjected to a risk of injuries and distress and proper consideration needs to be given to the health and welfare of animals used in these events. Events and procedures need to be specifically designed to prevent any suffering and minimise the impacts on the welfare of animals used.

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 14: Health, injury and disease

• Any and all injuries to animals that have been sustained during rodeo events are treated immediately.
• Stimulants, sedatives and hypnotic drugs are not given to any animal used in rodeo events, unless administered by a veterinarian for therapeutic purposes.
• A conveyance is held on site for immediate use if required to remove an animal from the arena.
• Rodeo animals are provided with access to water and to shelter to enable them to thermoregulate effectively in extreme climatic conditions.

Recommended best practice

1. Stock should be removed from the arena immediately after completion of an event.
2. Animals (such as pets) that could cause disturbance to animals used in the rodeo should not be allowed in the arena or in the line of sight of animals used in the rodeo.

General information

The animal welfare officer at a rodeo has the ability to prevent animals from competing if he/she considers that an animal is not fit to compete in any rodeo event. The animal welfare officer cannot override a veterinary decision to put an animal out of an event, but he/she is able to override the veterinarian’s decision to let the animal compete, if necessary.

7.1 Significant surgical procedures

The Animal Welfare Act 1999 was amended in 2015 to set new criteria for whether a procedure carried out on an animal is a significant surgical procedure. These criteria came into force on 9 May 2021.

The criteria are set out in Section 16 of the Act.

If any person has to determine whether a procedure carried out on an animal is a significant surgical procedure under this Act, the person must determine the question by considering the following criteria:

1. whether the procedure has the potential to—
   1. cause significant pain or distress; or
   2. cause serious or lasting harm, or loss of function, if not carried out by a veterinarian in accordance with recognised professional standards; and
2. the nature of the procedure, including whether this involves—
   1. a surgical or operative procedure below the surface of the skin, mucous membranes, or teeth or below the gingival margin; or
   2. physical interference with sensitive soft tissue or bone structure; or
   3. significant loss of tissue or loss of significant tissue.

Only a veterinarian, or a person who is acting under the direct supervision of a veterinarian and who is a student undergoing his or her training to become a veterinarian, are able to perform a significant surgical procedure, unless a regulation says otherwise.

For all animal welfare regulations, see Animal Welfare (Care and Procedures) Regulations 2018 – NZ Legislation

Note that not all of the surgical procedures included within these regulations meet the criteria of a significant surgical procedure, some have been regulated for clarity only.

Significant Surgical Procedures inserted on 9 May 2021 by Notice in the Gazette 2021-go1589

Introduction

Animals may become injured during a rodeo event and it may be necessary to humanely kill an animal in order to prevent it suffering further pain or distress. Humane killing requires that brain activity ceases as rapidly and as painlessly as possible, and that death ensues as soon as possible. In a rodeo event, this would usually be undertaken by the on-site veterinarian either by intravenous injection or by directly damaging the brain (a blow or shot to the head, with a firearm or captive bolt).

Example indicators for minimum standard No. 15: Emergency humane destruction

• Humane destruction protocols are documented
• Acceptable methods are used. These include:
  • Intravenous injection euthanasia by a veterinarian
  • Captive bolt
  • Firearms

Recommended best practice

1. Captive bolt firearms, of a suitable design and calibre, should be used to render animals insensible.
2. Free-bullet firearms should never be used at point blank range. Shotguns and rifles should be used between 5 and 25 cm from the head.
3. Shotguns should only be used to destroy horses and calves; adult cattle should be destroyed by a rifle or captive bolt firearm only.

General information

Whenever a firearm is used, it is very important that the operator is competent to use the gun and takes care to ensure their safety and that of other people and animals.

There are two types of captive bolt firearm – penetrating and non-penetrating. A penetrating captive bolt enters the skull and comes into contact with brain tissue; a non-penetrative captive bolt employs a "mushroom" percussive head. Both methods provide a concussive blow to the skull, resulting in insensibility because of brain tissue damage, although the damage caused by the penetrating captive bolt will result in less chance of the animal regaining sensibility.

The correct position and direction of aim are critical for the humane and effective killing of cattle and horses.

Cattle
The optimum position for cattle is at the intersection of two imaginary lines drawn from the rear of the eyes to the opposite horn buds.

Horses
The optimum position for horses is at right angles to the frontal surface, well above the point where imaginary lines from eye to ear cross. Figure source: Based on Humane Slaughter Association (2005) Guidance Notes No. 3: Humane Killing of Livestock Using Firearms. Published by the Humane Slaughter Association, The Old School, Brewhouse Hill, Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire AL4 8AN, UK. Humane Slaughter Association

Introduction

Welfare assurance or quality management schemes that provide for minimum standards and recommended best practices provide assurance to the public and to organisations responsible for auditing compliance that a strong emphasis is being placed on the welfare of animals.

To ensure that standards of animal welfare and husbandry are maintained, the organiser of each event or series of events should implement a welfare assurance system that provides for written procedures. The adoption of a generic (e.g. New Zealand Rodeo Cowboys Association) welfare assurance system will meet this recommendation.

Recommended best practice

1. The elements of the welfare assurance system should provide for the minimum standards and the recommendations for best practice of this Code.
2. The welfare assurance system should provide for all incidents resulting in significant sickness, injury or death of animals to be investigated and documented. Where the results of an investigation may have implications for current management practices, a report outlining the incident and implications should be forwarded to the NZRCA or the event organising body (e.g. A&P society) for consideration.
3. The welfare assurance system should require continual review of existing systems, procedures and training schedules that could enhance the welfare of animals during rodeos.
4. The welfare assurance system should include a record of issues identified and the remedial action taken.
5. The welfare assurance system should include a record of training for staff and competitors at the rodeo event.

General information

While the welfare system should be based on the general principles of Standard AS/NZS ISO 9002 or similar, it is not essential that the quality system be certified under the JASANZ (Joint Accreditation Standards for Australia and New Zealand) certification scheme.

Act

The Animal Welfare Act 1999.

animal

as defined in the Act:

1. Means any live member of the animal kingdom that is –
   1. A mammal; or
   2. A bird; or
   3. A reptile; or
   4. An amphibian; or
   5. A fish (bony or cartilaginous); or
   6. Any octopus, squid, crab, lobster, or crayfish (including freshwater crayfish); or
   7. Any other member of the animal kingdom which is declared from time to time by the Governor-General, by Order in Council, to be an animal for the purposes of the Act; and
2. Includes any mammalian foetus, or any avian or reptilian pre-hatched young, that is in the last half of its period of gestation or development; and
3. Includes any marsupial pouch young; but
4. Does not include –
   1. A human being; or
   2. Except as provided in paragraph (b) or paragraph (c), any animal in the pre-natal, pre-hatched, larval, or other such developmental stage.

available technology

NAWAC takes to mean technologies which are used practically to care for and manage animals, for example, existing chemicals, drugs, instruments, devices and facilities.

animal welfare officer

an official appointed by the rodeo organiser(s) to be responsible for overseeing animal welfare at a rodeo in conjunction with the veterinarian.

bareback bronc riding

riding a horse using rigging and no saddle.

barrel racing

a timed event in which an individual horse and rider complete a clover-leaf pattern around three barrels.

bronc

a horse that is trained to buck in the rodeo arena.

bull or steer riding

riding a bull or steer using a girth rope.

bull

a male bovine of breeding age.

busted

throwing a calf so that it rotates 180°, landing on the broad of its back.

calf

bovine under one year of age.

chute

a stockade from which animals are released into the arena.

chute-stalled stock

animals that refuse to leave the chute when the gate is open.

cinch

a device (usually a strap or buckle) that connects the saddle or bareback rigging to the girth.

contract stock

stock trained and maintained for use in rodeo events.

electric prodder

a device that is capable of delivering an electric shock to make an animal move, but does not include electric stunners use to stun an animal immediately before slaughter or electric devices used on animals by the New Zealand Police.

flagged

when the flag judge drops his/her flag to signify the end of the event.

flank strap/rope

a rope or strap that is tied over the lower back and around the flanks of a horse or bull.

goad

an object used to make an animal move, but does not include an electric prodder.

good practice

NAWAC takes to mean a standard of care that has a general level of acceptance among knowledgeable practitioners and experts in the field; is based on good sense and sound judgement; is practical and thorough; has robust experiential or scientific foundations; and prevents unreasonable or unnecessary harm to, or promotes the interests of, the animals to which it is applied. Good practice also takes account of the evolution of attitudes about animals and their care.

gullet

the underside of the front of the saddle.

ill-treat

as defined in the Act: "in relation to an animal, means causing the animal to suffer, by any act or omission, pain or distress that in its kind or degree, or in its object, or in the circumstances in which it is inflicted, is unreasonable or unnecessary."

judge

a judge who has been appointed by a rodeo association to officiate at a rodeo.

minimum standards

minimum standards provide the details of specific actions people need to take in order to meet the obligations in the Act. They are identified in the text by a heading, and generally use the word "must" or similar. They are highlighted in boxes within the text.

non-contract stock

stock not regularly used in rodeo events (also called club stock) and which are only used once at a particular rodeo.

owner

as defined in the Act: "in relation to an animal, includes the parent or guardian of a person under the age of 16 years who –

1. Owns the animal; and
2. Is a member of the parent’s or guardian’s household living with and dependent on the parent or guardian."

pick-up rider

mounted persons in the ring who are responsible for collecting riders from bucking horses and guiding animals out of the arena following rodeo events.

pigging string

a short length of rope used to bind a calf’s legs after it has been lassoed.

person in charge

as defined in the Act: "in relation to an animal, includes a person who has an animal in that person’s possession or custody, or under that person’s care, control, or supervision."

recommended best practice

NAWAC takes to mean the best practice agreed at a particular time, following consideration of scientific information, accumulated experience and public submissions on this Code. It is usually a higher standard of practice than the minimum standard, except where the minimum standard is best practice. It is a practice that can be varied as new information comes to light. Recommendations for best practice will be particularly appropriate where it is desirable to promote or encourage better care for animals than is provided as a minimum standard.

Recommended best practices are identified in the text by a heading, and generally use the word "should".

rigging

a girth strap and handle used in bareback riding.

rodeo

any public event which involves any of the following:

• bareback bronc riding
• barrel racing
• bull or steer riding
• calf riding
• rope and tie
• saddle bronc riding
• steer wrestling
• team roping

or any event which calls itself a rodeo.

rodeo protection athlete

persons in the ring during bucking events who are responsible for distracting bulls away from the rider and/or freeing rider’s hand if caught up, after the rider dismounts (also known as bull fighters).

rodeo organiser

an official of the organising association, and who is responsible for the running of the rodeo.

rodeo school

an officially organised event for the purpose of instructing students in correct techniques of various rodeo disciplines, training of time event horses and for teaching trainee judges.

rodeo training

any situation where people and/or animals are trained to participate in rodeos.

rope and tie

catching by lasso, throwing and tying a calf by the legs (previously known as calf roping).

roping event

a rope and tie or team roping event.

rowel

a spoked revolving disk at the end of a spur.

saddle bronc riding

riding a horse that bucks, using a saddle.

scientific knowledge

NAWAC takes to mean knowledge within animal-based scientific disciplines, especially those that deal with nutritional, environmental, health, behavioural and cognitive/neural functions, which are relevant to understanding the physical, health and behavioural needs of animals. Such knowledge is not haphazard or anecdotal; it is generated by rigorous and systematic application of the scientific method, and the results are objectively and critically reviewed before acceptance.

steer

castrated male bovine over a year of age.

steer wrestling

catching and throwing a horned steer by one rider with the use of a hazer (also may be known as bull dogging).

stock contractor

a person who provides stock for rodeo events.

team roping

a steer-roping event that involves two horse riders where one acts as a header (the person who ropes the horns or head) and the other as a heeler (who rides in and ropes the steer around the back legs), in order to bring the steer to a standstill between the two riders.

Schedule 1 electric prodder: replaced on 27 August 2020 by section 25(1) of the Animal Welfare (Care and Procedures) Amendment Regulations 2020

Animal Welfare (Care and Procedures) Amendment Regulations 2020 – New Zealand Legislation

This Appendix is not part of the Code of Welfare but is included as a reference.

Although efforts to include relevant regulations within this Code have been made, there may be other regulations which are relevant to you. The full list of all animal welfare regulations should be consulted where appropriate.

Animal Welfare (Care and Procedures) Regulations 2018 – New Zealand Legislation

3: Interpretation

In these regulations, unless the context otherwise requires,—

• equid means any member of the equidae family, including any horse, pony, donkey, mule, wild ass, zebra, and any of their hybrids
• skin abrasion means an injury where the skin has started to scrape or rub away, but does not include (by itself) hair loss
• transporter means a person who is in charge of an animal only for the purpose of transport
• yearling deer means a deer that is not over 12 months of age or that has its first set of antlers

5: Cattle beasts with ingrown horns

1. The owner of, and every person in charge of, a cattle beast must not allow a horn to become ingrown to the extent that any part of the horn (other than the base of the horn) pierces or inflames any part of the beast’s body or causes a skin abrasion.
2. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.
3. The offence in subclause (2) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.

19: Use of equipment that may injure horses and other equids

1. The owner of, and every person in charge of, an equid must ensure that—
   1. any halter, lead rope, or other equipment on the equid’s head or neck does not—
      1. cause a cut that bleeds or discharges; or
      2. cause a skin abrasion that bleeds or discharges; or
      3. cause a swelling; or
      4. prevent the animal from breathing normally or drinking; and
   2. any other equipment used on the rest of the equid’s body does not—
      1. cause a cut that bleeds or discharges; or
      2. cause a skin abrasion that bleeds or discharges; or
      3. prevent the animal from breathing normally or drinking.
2. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $900.
3. The offence in subclause (2) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $300.
4. In this regulation, equid does not include zebra.

20: Persons must not strike equid on its head

1. A person must not strike an equid on its head.
2. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.
3. The offence in subclause (2) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.
4. In this regulation, equid does not include zebra.

30: Prevention of injury

1. A person must not transport a cattle beast, deer, sheep, goat, or pig in a manner that causes acute injury to the animal.
2. A person who transports a cattle beast, deer, sheep, goat, or pig must not load the animal onto a vehicle, or unload the animal from a vehicle, in a manner that causes acute injury to the animal.
3. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding,—
   1. in the case of an individual, $1,500; or
   2. in the case of a body corporate that has been issued an infringement notice for the offence, $1,500; or
   3. in the case of a body corporate that has not been issued an infringement notice for the offence (because proceedings in respect of the infringement offence have been commenced by filing a charging document), $7,500.
4. The offence in subclause (3) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.
5. In this regulation, acute injury—
   1. means an injury that is more than minor and is bleeding; but
   2. does not include back-rub (as defined in regulation 32(4)); and
   3. does not include an injury from horns or antlers to which regulation 31 applies.

31: Transport of animals with horns and antlers

1. The owner of, and every person in charge of, an animal with horns or antlers must not transport the animal, or allow the animal to be transported, in a manner that allows the animal to seriously injure itself or another animal.
2. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.
3. The offence in subclause (2) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.
4. In this regulation, seriously injure means to cause—
   1. external bleeding or extensive internal bruising; or
   2. bleeding or broken horns; or
   3. bleeding, discharging, or broken velvet antlers or pedicles.

32: Prevention of back-rub

1. A person must not transport a cattle beast, deer, sheep, goat, or pig in a manner that causes back-rub.
2. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding,—
   1. in the case of an individual, $1,500; or
   2. in the case of a body corporate that has been issued an infringement notice for the offence, $1,500; or
   3. in the case of a body corporate that has not been issued an infringement notice for the offence (because proceedings in respect of the infringement offence have been commenced by filing a charging document), $7,500.
3. The offence in subclause (2) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.
4. In this regulation, back-rub means a skin abrasion that—
   1. is bleeding or discharging; and
   2. is located on the head, hips, neck, spine, or high points on the back; and
   3. covers a combined area of more than 50 cm2.

38: Restrictions on transporting animals with ingrown horns

1. This regulation applies in respect of an animal with an ingrown horn that involves part of the horn (other than the base of the horn) piercing or inflaming any part of the animal’s body or causing a skin abrasion.
2. The owner of, and every person in charge of, an animal in respect of which this regulation applies must not transport the animal, or allow the animal to be transported, unless—
   1. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that states that the animal is fit for transport; or
   2. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that specifies conditions that must be complied with to manage the animal welfare risks associated with the transport and the owner, or person in charge, complies with all relevant conditions.
3. However, the owner of, or person in charge of, an animal with an ingrown horn to which this subclause applies may, for the purpose of treatment, transport the animal—
   1. within the property on which the animal resides; or
   2. to another property (not being slaughter premises), part or all of which is less than 20 km from the boundary of the property on which the animal resides.
4. Subclause (3) applies if the ingrown horn—
   1. touches or breaks the surface of the skin, but does not touch any other tissue; or
   2. touches the eyelid or surface of the eye, but does not touch any other tissue.
5. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.
6. The offence in subclause (5) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.

39: Restrictions on transporting animals with injured horns or antlers

1. This regulation—
   1. applies in respect of an animal with a bleeding, discharging, or broken (and unhealed) velvet antler, horn, or pedicle; but
   2. does not apply in respect of a deer if the bleeding or discharge is a result of the deer naturally casting its antlers.
2. The owner of, and every person in charge of, an animal in respect of which this regulation applies must not transport the animal, or allow the animal to be transported, unless—
   1. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that states that the animal is fit for transport; or
   2. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that specifies conditions that must be complied with to manage the animal welfare risks associated with the transport and the owner, or person in charge, complies with all relevant conditions; or
   3. the animal is a deer to which subclause (4) applies.
3. However, the owner of, or person in charge of, the animal may, for the purpose of treatment, transport the animal—
   1. within the property on which the animal resides; or
   2. to another property (not being slaughter premises), part or all of which is less than 20 km from the boundary of the property on which the animal resides.
4. The owner of, or person in charge of, a deer to which this regulation applies may transport the deer, or allow the deer to be transported, to a slaughter premises if—
   1. the deer is a yearling deer; and
   2. this regulation applies because the deer’s first set of velvet antlers were removed; and
   3. rubber rings designed for the purpose of inducing analgesia during velvet antler removal were used for pain relief and are still attached to the deer; and
   4. the deer arrives at the slaughter premises no later than 72 hours after the velvet antlers were removed.
5. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.
6. The offence in subclause (5) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.

40: Restrictions on transporting lame animals

1. The owner of, and every person in charge of, a cattle beast, sheep, deer, pig, or goat that is lame must not transport the animal, or allow the animal to be transported, unless—
   1. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that states that the animal is fit for transport; or
   2. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that specifies conditions that must be complied with to manage the animal welfare risks associated with the transport and the owner or person in charge complies with all relevant conditions.
2. However, the owner of, or person in charge of, the animal may, for the purpose of treatment, transport the animal—
   1. within the property on which the animal resides; or
   2. to another property (not being slaughter premises), part or all of which is less than 20 km from the boundary of the property on which the animal resides.
3. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding,—
   1. in the case of an individual, $1,500; or
   2. in the case of a body corporate that has been issued an infringement notice for the offence, $1,500; or
   3. in the case of a body corporate that has not been issued an infringement notice for the offence (because proceedings in respect of the infringement offence have been commenced by filing a charging document), $7,500.
4. The offence in subclause (3) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.
5. In this regulation,—
   1. a cattle beast, deer, or pig is lame if—
      1. the animal is not weight bearing on 1 or more limbs when moving or standing; or
      2. the animal has a definite limp (shortened stride) that is clearly identifiable to a limb or limbs, with weight placed on the limb or limbs significantly reduced:
   2. a cattle beast, deer, or pig is not lame if the cause of the limp is a nonpainful condition (such as a conformational fault, a gait abnormality, or a healed injury) and the animal is able to bear weight (although not necessarily evenly) on all 4 limbs:
   3. a sheep or goat is lame if—
      1. the animal is not weight bearing on 1 or more limbs when moving or standing; or
      2. the animal has difficulty walking and holds its head below its backline almost continuously.

41: Restrictions on transporting animals in late pregnancy

1. The owner of, and every person in charge of, a cattle beast, sheep, pig, or goat that is in late pregnancy must not transport the animal, or allow the animal to be transported, unless—
   1. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that states that the animal is fit for transport; or
   2. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that specifies conditions that must be complied with to manage the animal welfare risks associated with the transport and the owner, or person in charge, complies with all relevant conditions.
2. The owner of, and every person in charge of, a pregnant deer must not transport the deer if it is in late pregnancy or within 21 days before the estimated due date, unless—
   1. the deer is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that states that the animal is fit for transport; or
   2. the deer is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that specifies conditions that must be complied with to manage the animal welfare risks associated with the transport and the owner, or person in charge, complies with all relevant conditions.
3. The owner of, and every person in charge of, a pregnant deer must have a system in place that, if followed, will ensure compliance with subclause (2).
4. A person who fails to comply with subclause (1) or (2) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding,—
   1. in the case of an individual, $1,500; or
   2. in the case of a body corporate that has been issued an infringement notice for the offence, $1,500; or
   3. in the case of a body corporate that has not been issued an infringement notice for the offence (because proceedings in respect of the infringement offence have been commenced by filing a charging document), $7,500.
5. The offence in subclause (4) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.
6. For the purpose of section 162(1) of the Animal Welfare Act 1999, an inspector has reasonable cause to believe that a person has transported an animal that is in late pregnancy if the animal gives birth during transport or within 24 hours after arriving at a slaughter premises or sale yard.
7. An infringement notice may not be issued, and a charging document may not be filed, in relation to a failure to comply with subclause (1) unless the animal gives birth during transport or within 24 hours after arriving at a slaughter premises or sale yard.
8. An infringement notice may not be issued, and a charging document may not be filed, in relation to a failure to comply with subclause (2) involving a deer that is in late pregnancy (but not a deer that is within 21 days before the estimated due date) unless the deer gives birth during transport or within 24 hours after arriving at a slaughter premises or sale yard.

42: Restrictions on transporting animals with injured or diseased udders

1. This regulation applies in respect of a cattle beast, sheep, or goat that has—
   1. a necrotic udder; or
   2. an udder that has a discharge other than milk; or
   3. an udder that shows signs of inflammation (such as being red, hot, or swollen); or
   4. an udder with a lesion that is bleeding or discharging.
2. The owner of, and every person in charge of, an animal to which this regulation applies must not transport the animal, or allow the animal to be transported, unless—
   1. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that states that the animal is fit for transport; or
   2. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that specifies conditions that must be complied with to manage the animal welfare risks associated with the transport and the owner, or person in charge, complies with all relevant conditions.
3. However, the owner of, or person in charge of, the animal may, for the purpose of treatment, transport the animal—
   1. within the property on which the animal resides; or
   2. to another property (not being slaughter premises), part or all of which is less than 20 km from the boundary of the property on which the animal resides.
4. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding,—
   1. in the case of an individual, $1,500; or
   2. in the case of a body corporate that has been issued an infringement notice for the offence, $1,500; or
   3. in the case of a body corporate that has not been issued an infringement notice for the offence (because proceedings in respect of the infringement offence have been commenced by filing a charging document), $7,500.
5. The offence in subclause (4) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.

43: Restrictions on transporting animals with eye cancer

1. This regulation applies in respect of a cattle beast, sheep, or goat that has an eye cancer that—
   1. is bleeding or discharging; or
   2. is not visibly confined to either the tissues of the eye or of the eyelid; or
   3. is causing the eye to discharge; or
   4. is more than 2 cm in diameter.
2. The owner of, and every person in charge of, an animal to which this regulation applies must not transport the animal, or allow the animal to be transported, unless—
   1. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that states that the animal is fit for transport; or
   2. the animal is accompanied by a veterinary certificate that specifies conditions that must be complied with to manage the animal welfare risks associated with the transport and the owner, or person in charge, complies with all relevant conditions.
3. However, the owner of, or person in charge of, the animal may, for the purpose of treatment, transport the animal—
   1. within the property on which the animal resides; or
   2. to another property (not being slaughter premises), part or all of which is less than 20 km from the boundary of the property on which the animal resides.
4. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.
5. The offence in subclause (4) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.

44: Certain regulations do not apply to transporters

Regulations 33(1), 35(2), and 38 to 43 do not apply to transporters.

45: Obligations of transporters in relation to animals to which regulations 38 to 43 apply

1. A transporter who transports an animal to which any of regulations 38 to 43 apply and that is accompanied by a veterinary certificate must comply with any relevant conditions specified in the certificate.
2. A transporter who transports a yearling deer to which regulation 39(4) applies must ensure that the deer arrives at the slaughter premises no later than 72 hours after the deer’s velvet antlers were removed.
3. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.
4. The offence in subclause (3) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.

46: Prohibition on fireworks at rodeos

1. A person who organises a rodeo must ensure that fireworks, pyrotechnics, and gas-fired explosions of any type are not used at the rodeo or at any practice event for the rodeo.
2. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction,—
   1. in the case of an individual, to a fine not exceeding $5,000; or
   2. in the case of a body corporate, to a fine not exceeding $25,000.
3. In this regulation, rodeo means—
   1. a public event that involves any of the following:
      1. bronc, bull, steer, or calf riding:
      2. barrel racing:
      3. team roping:
      4. roping and tying an animal:
      5. steer wrestling:
   2. a public event at which animals are present that calls itself a rodeo.
4. In this regulation,—
   • roping and tying means catching by lasso and throwing and tying a calf by the legs (also known as calf roping)
   • team roping means a steer-roping event that involves 2 horse riders where one acts as a header (the person who ropes the horns or head) and the other as a heeler (who rides in and ropes the steer around the back legs) in order to bring the steer to a standstill between the 2 riders.

47: Collars and tethers

1. The owner of, and every person in charge of, an animal must ensure that any collar or tether on the animal (whether on the neck or on any other part of the animal) does not—
   1. cause a cut that bleeds or discharges; or
   2. cause a skin abrasion that bleeds or discharges; or
   3. cause a swelling; or
   4. prevent the animal from breathing normally, panting, or drinking.
2. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $900.
3. The offence in subclause (2) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $300.

48: Use of electric prodders

1. A person must not use an electric prodder on any animal, except—
   1. on cattle that weigh over 150 kg; or
   2. during loading or unloading for transport, on pigs that weigh over 150 kg; or
   3. during loading of a stunning pen at any slaughter premises, —
      1. on pigs that weigh over 150 kg; or
      2. on pigs that weigh over 70 kg if the pigs are in a single-file slaughter race leading into, and within 15 m of, the stunning pen; or
   4. during loading of a stunning pen at any slaughter premises, on deer of any weight.
2. If an electric prodder is used on an animal where permitted by subclause (1), —
   1. the prodder may be used only on the muscled areas of the animal’s hindquarters or forequarters; and
   2. the animal must have sufficient room to move away from the prodder.
3. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding, —
   1. in the case of an individual, $1,500; or
   2. in the case of a body corporate that has been issued an infringement notice for the offence, $1,500; or
   3. in the case of a body corporate that has not been issued an infringement notice for the offence (because proceedings in respect of the infringement offence have been commenced by filing a charging document), $7,500.
4. The offence in subclause (3) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.
5. In this regulation, electric prodder—
   1. means a device that is capable of delivering an electric shock to make an animal move; but does not include—
      1. electric stunners used to stun an animal immediately before slaughter; or
      2. electric devices used on an animal by the New Zealand Police.

49: Prodding animals in sensitive areas

1. A person must not strike or prod an animal with a goad in the udder, anus, genitals, or eyes.
2. A person who fails to comply with this regulation commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $1,500.
3. The offence in subclause (2) is an infringement offence with an infringement fee of $500.

In this regulation, goad means an object used to make an animal move, but does not include an electric prodder as defined in regulation 48(5)

Appendix replaced on 9 May 2021 by Notice in the Gazette 2021-go1589